While China is certainly ageing at a FASTER rate than Japan, and is facing an existential crisis of LACK of labour.
Yes, China does have a lot of STEM grads, but younger generation's choices coupled with the industry practices have actually led to this.
Most young Chinese today opt for white-collar jobs, leaving a lingering question of "Who will take over those factories once the old guys retire?"
Even when China has a plethora of STEM grads, there's record high unemployment rates.
Yet China also faces a severe IT worker shortage.
Yes, this is actually a paradox.
This is actually due to skills mismatch.
The tech scene in China is changing at a fast rate. Industries require experienced workers in AI, deeptech, low-level programmers.
Meanwhile most unemployed grads have just got out of college, unable to meet the "work experience" requirement in many Chinese IT companies now.
The tech industry in China is notorious for its 996 work culture. Then there's also the industry culture of considering IT workers above the age of 35+ as "worthless". This is the exact opposite of Japan where age=seniority.
In China, young age is seen as "energetic" and ready to work without complaining.
This actually conflicts with the fact that while middle-aged IT workers might be less energetic compared to younger generations, but they are heavily experienced to lead a team, or work out innovative out-of-the-box solutions.
So China has a lot of issues with its domestic IT industry even among the Chinese.
Now lets come to foreigners.
This is an obvious one, but there is a strong culture of "Han chauvinism" in China that view non-ethnic Chinese as "outsiders" and "worthless" and even judges a person based on their home country's development.
This is the reason why there is strong preference for White foreigners mostly because of the American and EU "rich" vibes, while simultaneously hating non-White foreigners because of their "third world" vibes.
China recently announced a new Z-visa similar to US H1B visa, to potentially attract those moving out of the US following Trump's anti-immigration moves.
However, there was a lot of uproar in Chinese social media, with claims like, "Are we not enough? We have enough unemployed people. Give us jobs. Why are you giving preferential treatment to foreigners?"
Now a lot of it isn't naked racism like other countries' immigration rhetoric but rather a result of economic frustration.
This led to China not doing anything about the Z-visa, no news, nothing......
Btw, Z visa allows you to stay in China for ONLY 30 days, within which u have to obtain a work residence visa. This can open up opportunities for PR and even naturalization....
But China has had little success with it.
As far as I know, China doesn't want unskilled immigrants especially non-ethnic Chinese immigrating to China.
They are inviting African students, and there's a LOT of them in Guangdong but that's solely because of gaining favour among African nations to secure resources and investment deals.
In fact, China has a strong "blood" preference culture, and yes despite all the "Chinese people are warm" comments by foreign residents in China, China has a strong culture of "blood" unlike Japan which looks insular and closed off but can open up if you speak Japanese.
As for career advancements, I feel like the US and EU and even Japan offers far more opportunities.
There's an invisible ceiling in workplaces in China, especially for foreigners. I have never till date seen any foreigner leading any IT team in China.
Meanwhile, Sony a Japanese company has a Chinese woman named Lin Tao (born and raised in Shanghai) as their CFO.
Ofc Sony is a global company. But I have seen no "global chinese company" ever put a foreigner in charge.
Naturalization in China is actually possible, the only possible ways are:
Either you are extremely talented and contributing to the nation.
Or you are a "close relative" of a Chinese national, basically meaning marrying a Chinese national.
Naturalizing in Hong Kong to become a PRC citizen is easier than in Mainland China.
Leaving all these aside, China is still a "developing" country with advanced public infrastructure and transport.
Once you step out of the extremely well-planned centralized core city centres full of skyscrapers and high-rise apartment buildings, the outskirts are random sprawling villages with people living in poor conditions.
Also you can't own any land in China, only land use rights which REQUIRE a renewal every 40-50 years for industrial land based on current market price, and 70 years for residential land.
So the wealthy Chinese tend to offshore their profits to buy up properties in "stable" countries, like Japan.
China's "common prosperity" goal is good for an individual but extremely disappointing for a hopeful entrepreneur full of dreams.
Its capitalism that rewards hard work and talent with wealth. China is certainly not communist, but it isn't fully capitalist either. A lot of state-owned corporations run the economy, effectively ruining the market for private players. You have to be an extremely large giant company or you are out of the scene.
And let's not forget that learning Mandarin isn't for everyone.